Saturday 23 May 2015

Participation in the Christian faith in the United States - trending downward

Pew Institute data 2015
The United States is often perceived to be the major bulwark against the trend of falling participation in the Christian religion in developed Western countries. Images of Southern Baptist choirs, evangelical preachers with syndicated programs and activist social justice ministers populate many contemporary film, television and online media mediums. But how accurate is this image with reality ? According to research from the Pew Institute, the truth is heading in the opposite direction.

The Christian faith in the United States is in decline and by a marked level.The percentage of adults (aged 18 or older) who describe themselves as Christians has dropped by nearly eight percentage points in only seven years from 78.4% in 2007 to 70.6% in 2014. Commensurately, the number of Americans describing themselves as atheist, agnostic or "nothing in particular" has increased from 16.1% to 22.8% over the same period. This drop, according to research by the Pew Institute, is mainly driven by declines amongst mainstream Protestants and Catholics.

For the organised mainstream Christian religion, the most concerning element is the decline in support in the Millenial generations and the ageing of the population for adults who are Christians. As a result of increasing non-affiliation with religion, the median age of mainstream Protestants is 52 years of age and the median age of Catholic adults is 49. This gentrification bodes badly for the future.

Fully 36% of young Millenials (those between the ages of 18 and 24) are religiously unaffiliated and 34% of older Millenials (aged 25-33) likewise. There is also time-trend data indicating that people in older generations are increasingly disavowing association with organised Christian religion.

Studies such as these from the Pew Institute are massive in size (sample sizes are over 35,000) and complexity including multi-ethnic and multi-faith research work. The factors for this decline will be multifaceted including changing lifestyles, values and demographics, weak institutional leadership, various moral/ethical scandals in major Churches over the past decade and societal fragmentation in the digital world to cite a few.  At a time of rising militancy in the Islamic faith, the correlating but unrelated decline in Christian support is not a positive development.

Saturday 9 May 2015

Red wine - indulgence or instrument of good health

Much conjecture and debate continues on the relative merits of red wine to health, in contrast to all other alcoholic beverages which are perceived to have negative properties. So what are the properties of red wine that provide these supposed advantages ?

Possibly a longer lifespan according to the Harvard Medical School. Resveratol, a compound found in the red grape skin stimulates a protein with anti-ageing properties. The same compound is conjectured to improve short-term memory through interaction with the hippocampus region of the brain. Resveratol is also theorised to reduce the risk of cancer by acting as a protein blocker for tumour cells.

Other properties of red wine include: procyanidins, found in red wine tannins which have a positive effect on cardiovascular health;  Tempranillo and Rioja which possibly lower cholestrol levels; polyphenols which slow bacterial growth in the mouth and thus slows tooth decay.

Other claims which are often made about the miraculous properties of red wine include improving eye health and even helping to stop the common cold. There is little factual evidence to support these assertions but when enjoying a glass its a reassuring thought that a good Pinot Noir or Merlot may be the magic bullet which beats the common cold.

Sunday 3 May 2015

Film Review - Leviathan

Russian film directors often have a style of film-making which captures both forbidding grandeur and small municipal detail simultaneously, effortlessly juxtaposing the two into an immediate relationship. Thus is the case with the Russian film, Leviathan directed by Andrey Zvyagintsev and written by Zvyagintsev and Oleg Negin.

The film's story is set in the coastal town of Teriberka is Russia's northern region near the port city of Murmansk. A simple handyman, Kolya is pitted against the corrupt town Mayor, Vadim, who has used town powers to appropriate Kolya's home for redevelopment as a resort. Kolya's life is already  in turmoil as his son, Roma has rejected his new step-mother, Lilia placing a strain on family relationships. An old army buddy, now a prominent Moscow lawyer, Dmitri arrives to support Kolya and face down the mayor and corrupt town officials however his efforts are compromised when he has an extramarital affair with Lilia.  This a film which explores the cracks in social contracts when fate, power and money intervene. Aleksei Serebryakov is well cast as the hot-headed Kolya with Roman Madyanov as his protagonist, Vadim the Mayor. Elena Lyadova as Lilia and Sergey Pokhodaev as Roma make up the rest of the family unit. This story has no happy ending and Kolya's fate seems inevitable in the context of this Russian reality.  

The film's desolate location shoots in the Kola peninsula (Kirovsk, Monchegorsk, Olenegorsk) and on the coast of the Barents Sea (Teriberka) provide an imagery which is both stark and yet majestic in its melancholy expanse. In this setting it's no wonder that the Russian locals turn to the vodka bottle to lubricate and lessen the burden of their existence.

The film has won a string of awards including Best Screenplay at the 2014 Cannes Film Festival, Best Foreign Language Film at the 72nd Golden Globe Awards, Best Film at the London Film Festival and the 32nd Munich Film Festival, plus a Golden Peacock at the 45th International Film of India.